Article 34 of the European Convention on Human Rights prescribes that individual applications must be directed against one of the Convention States. Consequently, private actors involved in proceedings against other private actors before domestic courts must complain about State (in)action in their application to the European Court of Human Rights. In other words, originally 'horizontal' conflicts must be 'verticalised' in order to be admissib...

Statelessness remains an issue of concern in Europe. Stateless persons often experience problems with accessing basic rights, despite the proclamation of human rights and a right to a nationality for all. Various attempts have been made to address the issue of statelessness, for instance through the adoption of the United Nations Statelessness Conventions, but also by European regional cooperation mechanisms. This book analyses and places into...

The 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime provides the first internationally agreed definition of the human trafficking. However, in failings to clarify the exact scope and meaning of exploitation, it has created an ambiguity as to what constitutes exploitation of labour in criminal law. The internatio...

States cooperate to stem irregular migration flows, yet migration control agreements often result in widespread violations of the socio-economic rights of people on the move contained in the Global South. This book examines the States that are responsible for these violations.

This book discusses how delivering a Mega-Sporting Event (MSE) can impact human rights and highlights the challenges of dealing with cases of MSE-related human rights abuses and establishing legal responsibility.

Since the adoption of the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, all children in the world have rights that are protected by states - at least in theory. In practice, children's rights are grossly violated on a daily basis and on a global scale. This publication proposes that a better understanding of children's rights violations may be achieved if looking at law from a child's perspective.

The term 'vulnerability' is often used in law and policy to refer to disadvantaged, marginalized or excluded human beings. This book explores how a vulnerability focus in basic assistance policies can contribute to substantive equality and therefore to the realization of universal human rights in the migration context. It concentrates on the potential that such a vulnerability focus can have to mitigate stigmatization and stereotyping and to f...

This book investigates what normative justification can be provided for economic, social and cultural rights guaranteed under international law and how this justification can or should impact the State obligations emerging from these rights.

Armed groups have played a predominant role in violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law committed in conflict settings. The aim of this book is to examine how the principles of international responsibility could be developed and adjusted to account for armed groups as collective entities.